An occasional sneeze or cough from your cat is quite common, but how do you know when a simple “Bless you!” is enough and when it is time to be concerned? Recognizing whether the unusual sound your cat is making is actually a sneeze or a cough can be tricky. Since it is not always easy to determine, capturing a video of your cat during an episode can assist your veterinarian in making an accurate diagnosis. Read on to explore the numerous reasons why your cat might be coughing, sneezing, or wheezing and when veterinary attention may be required.

Why is My Cat Coughing?

Just like humans, cats can cough; however, they do so less frequently. Coughing occurs as a protective reflex when irritants, dust, mucus, or other particles enter the airways, prompting the body to expel them. Occasional coughing—occurring only once every few months or even less frequently—may be considered normal. However, most cats do not cough unless there is an underlying issue.

Common Causes of Coughing in Cats:

1. Respiratory Infections: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) affect the nose, sinuses, throat (upper respiratory tract), or lungs (lower respiratory tract). More details on this are provided below.
2. Feline Asthma (Chronic Bronchitis): Asthma is one of the leading causes of chronic coughing in cats. It involves inflammation of the small airways in the lungs and, although not entirely curable, symptoms can be managed with medication. Common asthma triggers include dust mites, household cleaning products, pollens, grasses, cigarette smoke, and even certain foods.
3. Pneumonia: Pneumonia refers to inflammation in the lungs, often caused by infection. A wet, productive cough could indicate fluid buildup in the lungs. Radiographs may be required for an accurate diagnosis.
4. Pleural Effusion: This condition involves an abnormal accumulation of fluid around the lungs, which can result in coughing. Heart failure is a common cause, but other potential causes will need to be ruled out by a veterinarian.
5. Hairballs: Many people mistake hairball-related retching or gagging for coughing. However, since hairballs originate from the digestive tract rather than the respiratory system, they are not classified as true coughing.
6. Foreign Objects in the Throat: If a cat inhales a foreign object such as grass or small debris, it can lead to coughing. If you suspect an airway obstruction, it should be treated as an emergency requiring immediate veterinary attention.
7. Cancer: A tumor growing in the chest, throat, or airways can cause persistent coughing by pressing on the trachea or lung passages.
8. Heartworm Disease: Though rare in cats, heartworm disease can lead to heartworm-associated respiratory disease (HARD). Symptoms include coughing, asthma-like attacks, vomiting, appetite loss, and weight loss. Preventing heartworms through monthly medication is the best way to protect your cat.
9. Parasites (Lungworms): Lungworms are parasites that live in the lungs and airways, typically transmitted when a cat ingests an infected snail or slug. Diagnosis often requires multiple fecal tests to identify larvae.

When to Call the Vet About Your Cat’s Cough:

If your cat’s cough persists for several days, occurs frequently in a day, worsens, recurs, or produces phlegm, veterinary care is necessary. Additionally, if your cat appears sick, lethargic, or is losing weight, seek medical advice immediately.

Why is My Cat Sneezing?

Cats sneeze for a variety of reasons, much like humans. Some sneezes are caused by environmental factors, while others indicate underlying illnesses or infections.

Common Causes of Sneezing in Cats:

1. Environmental Irritants: Household dust, litter box particles, pollen, perfumes, candles, cigarette smoke, mold, and cleaning products can trigger sneezing.
2. Foreign Objects: Lint, hair, or grass can become lodged in the nasal cavity, often expelled through sneezing. If the object is not expelled, it may lead to a nasal infection.
3. Respiratory Infections: Viral or bacterial infections frequently cause sneezing in cats. More details on this are discussed below.
4. Dental Disease: An infection or inflammation in the upper jaw can affect the sinuses and lead to sneezing.
5. Cancer: Certain cancers affecting the nasal passages or surrounding bones can present sneezing as an early symptom.

When to Call the Vet for a Sneezing Cat:

If sneezing is persistent or accompanied by nasal discharge, labored breathing, fever, appetite loss, or lethargy, consult a veterinarian. These symptoms may indicate an upper respiratory infection or another underlying condition that requires medical intervention.

Understanding Cat Respiratory Infections

The respiratory system in cats extends from the nose to the lungs. When an infection is present, the cells lining the respiratory tract become inflamed and produce excess mucus. Infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites and are categorized as either upper or lower respiratory infections.

Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)

These infections affect the nasal passages, throat, and larynx. Coughing combined with sneezing often indicates an upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include:

• Sneezing
• Nasal congestion (audible breathing)
• Runny nose or watery/yellow-green eye discharge
• Hoarseness or changes in voice
• Increased swallowing
• Decreased appetite or activity

Lower Respiratory Infections

These infections impact the windpipe and lungs, often diagnosed as bronchitis or pneumonia. Radiographs help determine the location of the infection. Symptoms include:

• Persistent cough
• Difficulty breathing (noticeable chest movements)
• Wheezing during exhalation
• Loss of appetite
• Severe fatigue
• Respiratory distress (panting, heavy belly/chest movement while breathing)

Causes of Respiratory Infections:

1. Viruses: The majority (90%) of infections are caused by feline herpesvirus (FVR) or feline calicivirus (FCV).
2. Bacteria: Bacterial infections like Bordetella bronchiseptica or Chlamydophila felis are common, especially in kittens.
3. Fungi: Fungal infections usually occur due to environmental exposure.
4. Parasites: Parasitic infections typically result from consuming infected prey.

Preventing the Spread of Respiratory Infections

Although humans cannot catch respiratory infections from cats, feline infections spread easily among other cats. Here are some precautions to prevent transmission:

• Isolate sick cats in a separate room and provide plenty of fresh water.
• Block the bottom of doors to prevent infected and healthy cats from interacting.
• Wash hands and change clothing after handling sick cats.
• Thoroughly clean food bowls, litter boxes, and bedding.
• Keep cats up to date on vaccinations.
• When introducing a new cat, keep it separated for at least two weeks to prevent illness transmission.

Treating Cat Coughing and Sneezing

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Veterinarians may perform a physical exam, blood tests, fecal analysis, or radiographs and assess the cat’s environment and history. Common treatments include:

• Antibiotics or antiviral medications
• Cardiac treatments if heart disease is involved
• Fluid removal for respiratory distress
• Oxygen therapy or bronchoscopy
• Surgery (if necessary)
• Cancer treatment when applicable

When to Schedule a Vet Appointment

If your cat is coughing or sneezing persistently, seek veterinary care. Routine examinations allow your vet to detect issues early by listening to your cat’s lungs and heart. Prevention and early intervention are key to ensuring your cat stays healthy.

Cat Coughing and Sneezing: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Coughing and sneezing in cats are common symptoms that can arise from various underlying conditions. Understanding the potential causes and appropriate responses is essential for maintaining your feline companion’s health.

Common Causes of Coughing and Sneezing in Cats

1. Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs):
   Viral or bacterial infections, such as feline herpesvirus or calicivirus, often lead to symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, and discharge. These infections are highly contagious among cats.
2. Asthma:
   Feline asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways, causing coughing, wheezing, and labored breathing. Environmental allergens like pollen, dust, or smoke can trigger asthma attacks.
3. Allergies:
   Cats can develop allergies to substances such as pollen, mold, certain foods, or chemicals, leading to respiratory symptoms like coughing and sneezing.
4. Foreign Bodies:
   Inhalation of small objects or irritants like grass blades can cause sudden coughing or sneezing as the body attempts to expel the foreign material.
5. Parasites:
   Lungworms or heartworms can infest a cat’s respiratory system, leading to coughing and breathing difficulties.
6. Dental Disease:
   Infections or inflammation in the teeth, especially in the upper jaw, can affect the nasal passages and cause sneezing.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

While occasional coughing or sneezing may not be alarming, persistent or severe symptoms warrant professional evaluation. Consult your veterinarian if your cat exhibits:

• Frequent or intense coughing or sneezing episodes.
• Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
• Nasal or ocular discharge.
• Loss of appetite or lethargy.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent potential complications.

Preventive Measures

• Vaccinations: Ensure your cat receives regular vaccinations against common respiratory pathogens to reduce the risk of infections.
• Environmental Management: Minimize exposure to allergens by maintaining a clean living space, using dust-free litter, and avoiding smoking around your cat.
• Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Routine health examinations can help detect and address health issues before they escalate.

By staying vigilant and proactive, you can help maintain your cat’s respiratory health and overall well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What is the treatment for cat coughing and sneezing?

The treatment depends on the underlying cause. If caused by a respiratory infection, antibiotics or antivirals may be prescribed. Allergies or asthma may require antihistamines, corticosteroids, or inhalers. In cases of parasites, deworming treatments may be necessary. Always consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

2. Are there home remedies for cat sneezing and coughing?

Home remedies may help mild cases. Keeping your cat hydrated, using a humidifier, and ensuring a clean, dust-free environment can be beneficial. If your cat has a mild upper respiratory infection, steam therapy (bringing them into a steamy bathroom) can help clear nasal congestion. However, home remedies should never replace veterinary care if symptoms persist.

3. What if my cat is coughing and sneezing but has no discharge?

If your cat exhibits coughing and sneezing without nasal or eye discharge, it may be due to allergies, irritants, or mild respiratory infections. If the symptoms persist for more than a few days, consult a vet to rule out underlying conditions like asthma.

4. Why does my cat cough and sneeze at night?

Coughing and sneezing at night could be due to allergens in bedding, dust, or changes in temperature. Respiratory infections and asthma can also cause nighttime symptoms. Ensure a clean sleeping area and consult a vet if the issue continues.

5. Why does my indoor cat keep sneezing?

Even indoor cats can be exposed to allergens, dust, household chemicals, or infections. If sneezing is persistent, check for environmental triggers and ensure your cat is up to date on vaccinations. If symptoms persist, a vet visit is recommended.

6. What if my cat is coughing but not bringing up a hairball?

If your cat coughs without producing a hairball, it may indicate asthma, allergies, or respiratory infections rather than hairball-related issues. Persistent coughing without a hairball should be evaluated by a veterinarian.

7. Why is my cat sneezing, coughing, and gagging?

Sneezing, coughing, and gagging can indicate an upper respiratory infection, throat irritation, or even an obstruction in the airway. Dental disease or ingestion of foreign objects can also contribute. If symptoms persist, veterinary attention is necessary.

8. What if my cat has been coughing and sneezing for months?

Chronic coughing and sneezing could be due to long-term infections, asthma, or underlying health conditions like heart disease. Long-term symptoms should never be ignored, and a thorough veterinary examination, including X-rays or lab tests, may be required for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Jenifer